PFAS General Information

What is PFAS?

PFAS(全氟和多氟烷基物质)是一类化合物，包括超过3,自20世纪40年代以来使用的含有多个氟(F)原子的000种合成有机化学品. 研究最多的两种全氟辛烷化合物是全氟辛酸(PFOA)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)。.

全氟烷基羧酸酯(PFCAs)的一种成员PFOA(全氟辛酸)的分子图.
Molecular diagram of PFOS (perfluorooctanate sulfonate), a member of Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonates (PFSAs).

PFAS have a wide range of commercial and industrial applications, including: polymers and coatings (Scotchgard®, Teflon®, Gore-Tex®, etc.), fire-fighting foams (AFFF), metal-plating, food packaging, cosmetics, and various other applications.

Products containing PFAS include, but are not limited to, firefighting foam, Chemguard, Gore-Tex, Simoniz, Stainmaster, and Teflon.

PFAS in the Environment

Although these chemicals provide beneficial uses to society, 由于全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的产生和使用，对人类健康和环境造成了若干挑战, including:

  • Water Solubility – able to enter into, and spread via, 地下水和地表水具有很高的稳定性，使它们能够抵抗化学和生物降解
  • 生物蓄积-浓度可增加10,000倍，在鱼类和水生生物
  • 与血液中的蛋白质结合，被人体肾脏重新吸收，留在血液循环中, due to inefficient elimination, has a half-life of 4-9 years
  • High maternal transfer to fetus 

PFAS和其他污染物的化学性质选择(PubChem和EPA)

Property

PFOA

PFOS

PFBS*

PCB 1260

TCE**

Water Solubility 25°C (mg/L)

9500

680

344

0.0027

1100

Soil Adsorption Factor (Log Koc)

2.0

2.5

1.5

6

2.4

Bioconcentration Factor (BCF)

3

1000

0.71

100,000

4

*Perfluorobutane sulfonate
**Trichloroethylene

How is PFAS measured and reported?

报告的PFAS浓度为“万亿分之一”，即“ppt”。. A ppt is a measurement of the quantity of a substance in the air, water, 或者在土壤中，每一万亿份介质中含有一份这种物质(比例为1:1),000,000,000,000). 万亿分之一相当于每升水含有一纳克.  纳克是一种测量单位，相当于十亿分之一克. 一种形象化这个量的方法是，一美元的钞票大约重1克.  To get 1 nanogram, the dollar bill would be cut into 1,000 pieces.  把其中的一块切成另外1000块. Then take one of those pieces and cut it into another 1,000 pieces. 这一组中的每一块将是原始美元的十亿分之一，重量约为1纳克.  Other ways to conceptualize one ppt are one second in 32,000 years or one grain of sand in an Olympic-size swimming pool.

While this concentration appears to be very small, 某些激素和生物分子在这个浓度下有显著的作用.  Examples include:

Compound

Concentration in blood serum (ppt)

Aldosterone – regulates blood pressure

10-210

Estradiol – premenopausal female

15-350

Parathyroid hormone

10-65

Testosterone (free) – male

90-300

Corticotropin (ACTH) – pituitary hormone

10-60

Triiodothyronine (T3) (free)

2.4-4.2

Source: http://education.endocrine.org/system/files/ESAP%202015%20Laboratory%20Reference%20Ranges.pdf

Health Effects of PFAS

During 2005-2013, C8科学小组在俄亥俄河谷中部社区进行了接触和健康研究, 自20世纪50年代以来，帕克斯堡的华盛顿工厂排放的PFOA(或C8)可能会影响到哪些地方, West Virginia. 然后，他们评估了接触C8与许多疾病之间的联系. The C8 Science Panel has completed its work and no longer exists; this website summarizes the results.

The Science Panel consisted of three epidemiologists: Tony Fletcher, David Savitz, and Kyle Steenland, 谁是由原告和杜邦公司就工厂释放C8问题达成法律和解的当事人共同选定的. The Panel, its research program, 其他信息来源的链接可以通过下面的链接找到.

主要结论以“可能联系”报告的形式发表，其中概述了科学小组在每个案例中是否发现了接触与疾病之间的联系. “可能链接”报告中总结的详细科学内容发表在科学期刊上. 许多文章已经发表，还有一些还在发表过程中. Follow the links below. For six disease categories, 科学小组得出结论，C8暴露可能与诊断出的高胆固醇有关, ulcerative colitis, thyroid disease, testicular cancer, kidney cancer, and pregnancy-induced hypertension.

环境保护署建议全氟辛烷磺酸+全氟辛烷磺酸的终生接触准则为70纳克/升(ppt). The state of Michigan has adopted this level as a cleanup standard.

其他州基于保护敏感人群(胎儿)的愿望采取了较低的水平, infants)

PFAS in Michigan

肯特县和密歇根州其他地方博天堂官方网页PFAS污染的报道引发了公众对这一话题的兴趣. Concerns surrounding PFAS have been persistent for decades, 导致它们在21世纪初从工业和商业用途中消失. However, PFAS处置不当及其在消防泡沫中的普遍存在导致了密歇根州许多地点的问题.

Map of MDEQ confirmed PFAS sites throughout the State of Michigan. (Source:http://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/deq-map-confirmedPFASsites_611932_7.pdf)

Map of MDEQ confirmed PFAS sites throughout the State of Michigan. (Source: http://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/deq-map-confirmedPFASsites_611932_7.pdf)

Perhaps the most famous contamination site in Michigan, 肯特郡的饮用水中存在高浓度的PFAS, 这是由金刚狼世界工厂的制革厂废料处理造成的.

Map of PFAS concentrations at sites in Kent County, MI. (Source: http://www.michigan.gov/documents/pfasresponse/BEL_180601_PFOS_PFOA_HeatMap_MAX_624687_7.pdf)

Map of PFAS concentrations at sites in Kent County, MI. (Source: http://www.michigan.gov/documents/pfasresponse/BEL_180601_PFOS_PFOA_HeatMap_MAX_624687_7.pdf)

The disposal site, located at 1855 House Street, 肯特公司北部三口饮用水井中疑似PFAS污染的来源是什么. townships. 2017年11月，金刚狼世界提出了“补救调查工作计划”, 在密歇根州环境质量部门(MDEQ)的指导下, in an attempt to assess PFAS levels in Kento Co. [link: http://www.michigan.gov/documents/deq/ConceptualSiteModel-RIWP-112717-redacted_607260_7.pdf]. With constant surveillance, installation of point-of-use filtration units, and continuous reporting, 金刚狼世界继续致力于解决该地区的PFAS污染问题[链接: http://www.michigan.gov/pfasresponse/0,9038,7-365-86511_82704_83030---,00.html]. Regular updates on this situation can be found below:

Where can I read more about PFAS in Michigan?

Visit our PFAS news archive 有关地区、州和联邦各级媒体报道的链接.

Kent County, MI PFAS Information

贝尔蒙特前金刚狼世界垃圾场的金属桶和制革厂废料, MI, where drinking water has been polluted with PFAS compounds. (Source: http://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/index.ssf/2017/11/varnum_wolverine_lawsuit.html)

贝尔蒙特前金刚狼世界垃圾场的金属桶和制革厂废料, MI, where drinking water has been polluted with PFAS compounds. (Source: http://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/index.ssf/2017/11/varnum_wolverine_lawsuit.html)

State of Michigan PFAS information


Page last modified March 21, 2022
Report a problem with this page